What term describes the production of new plants from a single parent plant?

The term that describes the production of new plants from a single parent plant is asexual reproduction. This process involves the creation of offspring without the fusion of gametes, which distinguishes it from sexual reproduction, where genetic material from two parents combines to form a new individual. Asexual reproduction can occur through various methods, such as cuttings, tubers, and runners, allowing the new plants to be genetically identical to the parent plant. This is particularly advantageous in agriculture for propagating desirable traits or ensuring uniformity in crops.

In contrast, other terms like hybridization and cross-pollination refer to processes that involve genetic mixing and the contribution of genetic materials from multiple parent plants, which is not applicable when discussing the formation of new plants from just one parent.